SynCom 严谨设计原则综述：从 DBTL 到田间稳定性

图示信息：FIGURE 1 The workflow diagram for design principles-construction strategies-test validations-learn refinements (DBTL cycle) of SynComs. rational design of communities for applications as diverse as soil health, plant growth, bioremediation, and human health. SynCom design is integrated with computational and theoretical modeling frameworks, centered on the design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycle, which can be used to iteratively improve the desired outcome of a SynCom for a specific situation, as well as enable deeper investigation of the mechanisms of action underpinning a specific outcome (Figure 1 ) [ 3, 4 ]. 1.2 Design Principles Currently, the design and construction of a SynCom is informed by four key concepts: (i) functional parsimony and modular- ization, (ii) prediction and control of interaction networks, (iii) predicting and facilitating a robust and stable community, and (iv) reducing complexity through simplification [ 1–3 ]. First, complex ecological functions are deconstructed into discrete modules, such as resource or environmental sensing, and metabolic inputs and outputs, with dedicated functions assigned to specific micro- bial strains. This requires a well-characte

论文结果 / 观点：该图支撑作者把微生物组工程组织为 DBTL 闭环的观点：工程目标驱动设计，构建后的群落需要测试与学习反馈。

研究意义 / 边界：这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳；实际迁移到其他系统时，仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。

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图示信息：FIGURE 2 The interaction mechanisms among members in SynComs. Salmonella enterica engage in reciprocal metabolic exchange, with E. coli acquiring methionine from S. enterica while providing a C source essential for the latter’s growth [ 44 ]. Studies also report the communal sharing of critical growth factors, such as vitamin B12 (cobalamin), among community members [ 45 ]. Cross-feeding not only promotes the sharing of nutrients but also enables functional specialization, particularly for degrading complex substrates. Bifidobacterium sp., for example, ferment complex carbohydrates to produce acetate and lactate, serving as C sources for other bacteria and enhancing overall community 6 of 24 Advanced Science, 2026

论文结果 / 观点：该图把群落互作落实到代谢物、电子或营养物交换，是理解共培养功能涌现的关键证据。

研究意义 / 边界：这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳；实际迁移到其他系统时，仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。

来源：ADVS-13-e14750.pdf，PDF 第 6 页；图像来自 PDF 内部可匹配 Figure caption 的图像块。

图示信息：FIGURE 3 Mechanisms of SynComs in shaping plant-microbe-soil interactions. (Figure 3B ). Enhanced modularity often indicates the formation of tightly linked, interconnected functional subgroups within the community [ 113 ]. SynComs may serve as novel network hubs, bridging specific native microbes and facilitating more efficient functional specialization. Additionally, the introduction shifts the assembly processes of rhizosphere microbial communities from stochastic toward more deterministic patterns, reflecting their ability to promote more stable and predictable community structure [ 105, 106, 111, 113 ]. Notably, SynComs may in some cases assume central roles within these networks, acting as new interaction cores that rebalance microbial dynamics, thereby sup- pressing pathogens (via negative interactions) while enriching mutualistic taxa (via positive interactions). While most SynCom research has focused on bacterial interac- tions, emerging studies explore synthetic fungal communities or bacterial-fungal consortia [ 110, 112 ]. Although limited, existing evidence suggests that cross-kingdom interactions hold greater potential for enhancing network robustness, particularly whe

论文结果 / 观点：该图支撑“群落构建后必须验证功能”的观点，强调组学、示踪、功能测定或模型不能脱离实验验证。

研究意义 / 边界：这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳；实际迁移到其他系统时，仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。

来源：ADVS-13-e14750.pdf，PDF 第 10 页；图像来自 PDF 内部可匹配 Figure caption 的图像块。

图示信息：FIGURE 4 The application scenarios model and regulatory mechanisms for SynComs. Microorganisms can inhibit pathogens through direct antago- nism, such as niche competition and antimicrobial compounds secretion [ 154, 155 ]. As mentioned above, SynComs can enhance plant defense by ISR; for example, Trichoderma harzianum OMG16 and Bacillus velezensis FZB42 synergistically activate defense responses against Verticillium longisporum in oilseed rape, enhancing disease resistance by 100-fold [ 156 ]. A SynCom has also been shown to effectively treat Astragalus root rot by activating ISR, reducing disease incidence by 42.7% [ 104 ]. Furthermore, a cross-kingdom SynCom composed of 10 strains of bacteria and fungi exhibited remarkable efficacy in suppressing tomato fusarium wilt, reducing incidence by 60%, potentially linked to the modulation of plant immunity and microbial interactions [ 157 ]. SynComs also offer novel approaches for integrated root disease management. Carrión et al. (2019) dis- covered that pathogen-induced endophytic microbiomes activate disease-suppressive functions, enriching specific bacterial taxa and genes associated with suppression [ 158 ]. These successful case s

论文结果 / 观点：该图支撑“群落构建后必须验证功能”的观点，强调组学、示踪、功能测定或模型不能脱离实验验证。

研究意义 / 边界：这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳；实际迁移到其他系统时，仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。

来源：ADVS-13-e14750.pdf，PDF 第 14 页；图像来自 PDF 内部可匹配 Figure caption 的图像块。