Introduction
引言指出微生物共培养已在生物技术、生态学和医学中得到重视。理解支配微生物关联的生物互作,将影响人工/合成共培养体系的开发。作者特别关注生物制造与生物过程,而不是医学工程应用。
这篇综述的核心问题不是某一产品如何生产,而是不同共培养技术如何影响微生物互作、信息化学物质检测和生物制造可用性。作者系统比较液体共培养、固-液界面、膜分隔、空间分隔、微流控和扩散室等方法。文章强调:方法本身会改变互作,因此实验结论最好用不同共培养方式验证。
| 题名 | Co-culturing microbial consortia: approaches for applications in biomanufacturing and bioprocessing |
| 作者 | Rahul Vijay Kapoore, Gloria Padmaperuma, Supattra Maneein and Seetharaman Vaidyanathan |
| 期刊/年份 | Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 2022, Vol. 42, No. 1, 46–72; published online 12 May 2021 |
| DOI | 10.1080/07388551.2021.1921691 |
| 原文 PDF | 下载/查看 PDF |
这篇综述的核心问题不是某一产品如何生产,而是不同共培养技术如何影响微生物互作、信息化学物质检测和生物制造可用性。作者系统比较液体共培养、固-液界面、膜分隔、空间分隔、微流控和扩散室等方法。文章强调:方法本身会改变互作,因此实验结论最好用不同共培养方式验证。
引言指出微生物共培养已在生物技术、生态学和医学中得到重视。理解支配微生物关联的生物互作,将影响人工/合成共培养体系的开发。作者特别关注生物制造与生物过程,而不是医学工程应用。
本节给出全文技术分类:共同液体培养、固-液界面、膜分隔、空间分隔和微流控。作者说明每种技术都服务于不同目标,如生物量生成、产物生产或清除系统,并受到接种比例、接种时机、优先效应和微生物历史影响。
共同液体培养可直接观察总体生长和生化组分变化,适合研究over-yielding或under-yielding。其子类包括direct mixing、pelletization/flocculation和biofilms。该类方法可用于发酵、生物燃料、营养品和化学品生产,但直接混合不一定适合捕获低浓度代谢物。
固-液界面方法包括encapsulation、co-immobilization和cell droplets。它们适合需要保护、不同营养需求、不同生长特征或需减少底物竞争的微生物组合。包埋材料包括alginate、agar和κ-carrageenan等。
膜分隔方法允许代谢物扩散但阻断直接接触,便于分析分泌因子、捕食-猎物信号或浮游生物互作。Transwell适合小体积筛选,vessel chambers和dialysis tube可用于更复杂的生态或天然产物研究。膜孔径、体积和伴侣放置位置需要预优化。
空间分隔通过气体、固体基质或琼脂扩散让微生物间接交流,减少营养竞争并聚焦特定信号类型。气体分隔只允许挥发性互作,基质固定和琼脂系统则适合模拟固体局部环境和检测抑菌/天然产物。
微流控系统提供短扩散距离、可控流体和可集成提取的优势,适合微代谢组学和精细互作研究。批判性讨论强调,当前方法只能捕获互作的一部分,而且实验环境会改变细胞间通信;因此技术选择必须匹配触发-响应机制和应用目标。
结论指出不同共培养方法适用于不同微生物和不同目标。空间分隔有利于代谢物和分泌分子检测,但不适合必须物理接触的体系;包埋适合需要不同环境条件的伙伴。作者建议根据物种特征选择方法,并使用不同方法验证实验结果。
图示信息:Figure 1. Communal liquid medium growth co-culture system. (a) Direct Mixing: Microorganism A and B come into direct contact allowing them to exchange info-chemicals at a close proximity. (b) Pelletization and Flocculation: Microorganism B releases bio- flocculants, which induce Microorganism A to form aggregates. This process is not 100% efficient, as shown by the non-floccu- lated cells. (c) Biofilm: both microorganisms secrete EPS compounds creating an intertwined network (filaments, orange- Microorganism A, blue-Microorganism B). CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 49
论文结果 / 观点:该图支撑正文关于合成菌群设计、构建、验证或应用边界的核心论证。
研究意义 / 边界:这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳;实际迁移到其他系统时,仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。
来源:Co-culturing microbial consortia approaches for applications in biomanufacturing and bioprocessing.pdf,PDF 第 5 页;图像来自 PDF 内部可匹配 Figure caption 的图像块。
图示信息:Figure 2. Solid–liquid interface co-culture system. (a) Encapsulation: Microorganism A is grown in liquid culture, whilst Microorganisms B is trapped within beads. The info-chemicals diffusing from the beads aid Microorganism A (for example in growth). (b) Encapsulation (co-immobilization): Microorganism A and B are both trapped within the beads. The info-chemicals dif- fusing into the growth chamber can affect the outer media (e.g. fermentation or compound digestion). (c) Cell droplets: droplets are used to isolate sub-cultures of species from within a microorganism pool. The best performing/surviving microorganism co- culture/consortia is chosen for further application. 52 R. V. KAPOORE ET AL.
论文结果 / 观点:该图支撑正文关于合成菌群设计、构建、验证或应用边界的核心论证。
研究意义 / 边界:这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳;实际迁移到其他系统时,仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。
来源:Co-culturing microbial consortia approaches for applications in biomanufacturing and bioprocessing.pdf,PDF 第 8 页;图像来自 PDF 内部可匹配 Figure caption 的图像块。
图示信息:Figure 3. Membrane separation co-culture system. The co-culture microorganisms grown in communal media can only mediate through info-chemicals. Direct contact is not possible. (a) TranswellV R systems: a horizontal oriented permeable membrane is placed between the two microorganisms allowing for an exchange of info-chemicals. This method only allows the cultivation of low concentration of cultures. (b) Vessel chambers: a vessel is sectioned into half by placing a vertically oriented permeable membrane which allows the diffusion of info-chemicals. (c) Dialysis tube: Microorganism A is grown in liquid culture, whilst Microorganisms B is trapped with a dialysis tube. The info-chemicals diffuse through the permeable membrane of the dialy- sis tubing. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 55
论文结果 / 观点:该图支撑正文关于合成菌群设计、构建、验证或应用边界的核心论证。
研究意义 / 边界:这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳;实际迁移到其他系统时,仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。
来源:Co-culturing microbial consortia approaches for applications in biomanufacturing and bioprocessing.pdf,PDF 第 11 页;图像来自 PDF 内部可匹配 Figure caption 的图像块。
图示信息:Figure 4. Spatial separation co-culture systems. The co-culture microorganisms can only mediate through info-chemicals. Direct contact is not possible. (a) Gaseous separation: each microorganism is grown in its own vessel. The vessels are connected through a chamber that allows for volatile info-chemicals to be exchanged. (b) Matrix immobilization: microorganisms are trapped within a porous matrix. Overlapping the matrixes allows for info-chemical exchange. (c) Agar Systems. Microorganisms A and B can be co-culture on agar plates. The composition of the media can be different. The agar diffusible info-chemicals allow for the species to communicate. 58 R. V. KAPOORE ET AL.
论文结果 / 观点:该图支撑正文关于合成菌群设计、构建、验证或应用边界的核心论证。
研究意义 / 边界:这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳;实际迁移到其他系统时,仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。
来源:Co-culturing microbial consortia approaches for applications in biomanufacturing and bioprocessing.pdf,PDF 第 14 页;图像来自 PDF 内部可匹配 Figure caption 的图像块。
图示信息:Figure 6. Diffusion Chambers – used mainly for isolation of hard to grow species from the environment and can be adapted to be used to study the behavior of artificial co-cultures in nature. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 65
论文结果 / 观点:该图支撑正文关于合成菌群设计、构建、验证或应用边界的核心论证。
研究意义 / 边界:这张图用于支持作者的概念框架或案例归纳;实际迁移到其他系统时,仍需结合成员来源、环境条件、稳定性和功能验证。
来源:Co-culturing microbial consortia approaches for applications in biomanufacturing and bioprocessing.pdf,PDF 第 21 页;图像来自 PDF 内部可匹配 Figure caption 的图像块。
经费 / 利益冲突:Disclosure statement声明作者无潜在利益冲突。Funding显示本工作受到Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council资助(EP/E036252/1和DTA 1623367)以及Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council资助(BB/K020633/1)。
生成日期:2026-07-03